Surgical management of naso-orbito-ethmoidal fractures: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Naso-orbito-ethmoidal fractures (NOE) fractures are uncommon but critical injuries. This review aims to investigate the patient factors, procedural factors, and postoperative outcomes associated with the surgical management of NOE fractures. STUDY DESIGN: PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched between 1993 and 2023 using the search strategy "(naso-orbito-ethmoidal OR nasoethmoid OR nasoorbitoethmoidal) AND fracture." Articles reporting clinical studies investigating the surgical management of NOE fractures were included. Articles that were duplicates, non-English, or non-full text; reported an unclear age range; reported insufficient data; and/or reported on a sample size less than 10 were excluded. Data on patient factors, procedural factors, and postoperative outcomes were extracted. RESULTS: Of the 412 articles identified, 6 eligible articles (retrospective case series) representing 95 adult cases and 84 pediatric cases were included. The mean ages were 29.0 and 10.2 years, respectively. Most cases were male (65.3%; 73.9%). Motor vehicle accidents were the most common mechanism of injury (79.2% and 50.0%, respectively). Coronal incision was the most common approach. Epiphora (n = 33) and scar problems (n = 21) were the most common complications in adult and pediatric cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Further robust longitudinal studies with a clear description of fracture classification and surgical timing would be helpful. Gaps in knowledge include concomitant injuries, digitally-assisted applications, and risk factors for adverse outcomes.

E-Scooters and Craniofacial Trauma: A Systematic Review.

Study Design: Systematic review. Objective: Standing electric scooters (e-scooters) provide a cheap and environmentally friendly transport alternative, but also elicit substantial concern regarding their volume of associated injuries especially in the craniofacial region. This review aims to explore the demographics, risk factors, types of injury and surgical management of craniofacial trauma associated with e-scooters. Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria were clinical studies investigating craniofacial trauma associated with e-scooters. Exclusion criteria were duplicates; non-English publications; non-full-text publications; studies with insufficient data. Results: Of the 73 articles identified, 10 eligible articles representing 539 patients were included. The mean age was 31.5 years. Most cases were male (63.7%). Common risk factors were alcohol/drug intoxication, absence of distal extremity injuries and lack of helmet use. The most common mechanism of injury was mechanical falls (72.4%). The most common facial fracture pattern was middle third fractures (58.3%). Surgical management was required for 43.3% of fractures. Other types of injuries reported were traumatic brain injuries (17.6%), soft tissue injuries (58.3%), dental injuries (32.9%) and ophthalmological injuries (20.6%). Conclusions: The findings of this review suggest common presentations for craniofacial trauma associated with e-scooters. Robust longitudinal evaluations with standardised descriptions of types of injuries are required. Gaps in knowledge relate to surgical management, post-operative complications and associated risk factors.

The dental management of patients irradiated for head and neck cancer.

Patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancers are prone to a range of dental complications, including mucositis, trismus, xerostomia, radiation caries and osteoradionecrosis. Specific considerations include the preventive, restorative and rehabilitative management of such patients, and the prevention and treatment of complications. This article aims to highlight the current understanding and management of dental needs for patients who have had or will undergo radiotherapy.

Dental anxiety in adult patients treated by dental students: A systematic review.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: Dental anxiety is common and can propagate a vicious cycle of dental neglect and anxiety-provoking treatment. Patient, procedural, and operator factors are important contributions. This review aims to explore risk factors for dental anxiety in adult patients treated by dental students, in order to improve awareness of relevant factors and aid patient management. METHODS: Systematic searching of PubMed and Scopus databases was performed. Inclusion criteria were: studies assessing at least 1 risk factor for dental anxiety in patients aged 18 years and above treated by dental students, with use of a specific measurement scale for dental anxiety. Exclusion criteria were: duplicates, non-English publications, non-full-text publications, studies with a pediatric sample. RESULTS: Nine hundred thirty-one articles were identified. Eight eligible articles representing 1702 patients were included. Seven studies had a cross-sectional design and 1 study had a pretreatment/posttreatment design. Sixteen factors for dental anxiety were assessed. A significant correlation (P < 0.05) was found for: age (younger), gender (female), general/waiting room anxiety, irregular dental attendance, invasive treatment, poor emotional well-being, postponement of dental visit due to anxiety, previous negative dental experience and village residence. No significant correlation was found for: education, employment, income, perceived oral health, presence of a previous dental visit, symptom duration and time since last dental visit. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide a good foundation for future research, but clinical generalization is limited by the heterogeneity among included studies. A well-structured comparison of risk factors for dental anxiety between patients treated by dental students and dentists is required.